Istanbul

Istanbul (pronounced [ʔistˤɑmbu:, Modern Turkish: İstanbul; and Ottoman Turkish: Istanbul [istambul]), historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople and Astana and made it a mosque;  is the largest city in Turkey and the second largest city in the world in terms of population, where home to 13.4 million people. Istanbul is also a "big city", and are seen as Turkey's cultural, economic and financial center. City covers an area of 39 districts constitute the Istanbul province.  Istanbul is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encircling the natural harbor known as the "Golden Horn" (in Turkish: Haliç or Altın Boynuz) located in the northwest of the country. City stretches along the European side of the Bosphorus, known as the "Thrace", and the Asian side or "Anatolia", and therefore the only city in the world located on two continents.

This city was the capital of a number of states and empires throughout its long history, was the capital of the Romanian Empire (330-395), the Byzantine Empire (since 395 years until 1204 and then from the year 1261 until the year 1453), the Latin Empire (1204-1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453-1922).  In most of these stages, the city surrounded by a halo of holiness, as it was a great religious significance when the population and the population of the neighboring countries, was an important city for Christians after he converted to the Byzantine Christian religion Empire, before it turns to become the capital of the caliphate Islamic from 1517 until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1924.

Istanbul was chosen as the capital of a common European culture for the year 2010, and the historical landmarks have been added before that, in 1985, to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites. 

City Scene

Istanbul is divided into 39 districts, 27 of which form the actual city, and you know all of these counties as the "Great Istanbul", which is managed by the "Istanbul Municipality Urban Council" (in Turkish: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi). Istanbul is divided into three provinces key areas:

Semi-historic old Istanbul Island, an area that formed the limits of Constantinople in the fifteenth century; it includes the provinces, "the Secretary Uno" and "light." This area is located on the southern shores of the Golden Horn Strait, which separates the old city from the northern sections of the most recent European central section. This section limits the walls of the old city to the west, and the east entrance of the Bosphorus, and is surrounded by the Sea of Marmara to the south.

Provinces "Beyoğlu" and "Besiktas" Altarakhittin which are located north of the Golden Horn, which includes the location where the "Sultans Palace" is located, in addition to a number of former villages such as: "Central Village" and "Bebek", on the shores of the Bosphorus. Residents of the city moves wealthy during the summer to live on the banks of the two provinces in luxury homes dubbed "following" (in Turkish: Yalı), which literally means "the beach" or "seashore"

Transportation :

Airports

In Istanbul, two international airports: Ataturk International Airport, the largest, in terms of actually "village green" also known as "St. Stephan", on the European side of the city, about 24 kilometers (15 miles) from its center. The airport is located on the western border of the urban area when it was completed, but now it is located within the city limits. The airport is smaller morning گokjn International Airport, located in the hand "village wolf" on the Asian side, near Istanbul Racing Circuit, which is located 20 kilometers (12 miles) east Asian beach, 45 kilometers (28 miles) east of the center European city.

Navigation

The maritime vital for Istanbul, as the seas surrounding the city in all its aspects: the Marmara Sea, the Strait of the Golden Horn, the Bosphorus, and the Black Sea. Dwells a lot of Alastunbollien the Asian side of the city and working on the European side, or vice versa, so the passenger ferries form the basis of the daily movement between parts of the city for many of them, even the largest of the two bridges commentators who prudential ends of the Bosphorus degree. Also, these phrases marine and buses constitute a raft of fast-moving, related to the basic link between the mainland of Istanbul and the Princes' Islands.

The first steam ferries appeared on the Bosphorus 1837, and was run by private companies.  On January 1 of 1851, the Ottoman government established the company's charity to be the first public company that owns phrases and specialization to serve the people.  latter company continued to manage the transport sector marine until the early days of the Turkish Republic,  when subjected to the supervision of the "Turkish shipping lines" (in Turkish: Türkiye Denizcilik İşletmeleri). And since the March of 2006, I took a "marine Istanbul bus" company (in Turkish: İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri) holds the management of public statements, as well as management of the bus rapid sea raft.

Istanbul Navy bus company was founded in 1987, which manages the operation of public passenger transport by sea ferries and buses Raft fast between the two sides of the city, and between the latter and the Princes' Islands and other places located in the Sea of Marmara. Also, there are designed to transport cars phrases, and is one of a new port gate phrases fast cars port, on the European side, while the other is a port of Pendik, on the Asian side. These ferries operating abbreviated new gate line and the town "Bandırma" time when moving from Istanbul to Izmir and other major cities and towns along the Aegean coast, as well as the case for those working on the line of Pendik and Yalova, when moving from Istanbul to Bursa or Antalya.

Istanbul is a modern harbor the most important ports of Turkey, and the old harbor in the Golden Horn currently is used for navigation own mainly, and for the port village Royun in fact a mistake, it is used Comerssa cruise ship ocean liner. Offers several transport services and tour operator companies from both the ports and the Secretary of the village Royun Ono, a lot of cities along the Mediterranean coast and the Black Sea. The main shipping port town in the "harem" neighborhood is located on the Asian side. Also, Istanbul contain a number of ports of boats and yachts of different space, dedicated to the mooring of small private boats, and the largest of these ports are port father village on the European side, and the port of Clamich on the Asian side.

Highways

A map showing the rapid "E80" from Portugal to Turkey through Istanbul's European path of the road.

The International Road D.100 European road E80, also known as "fast-European way" (in Turkish: Avrupa Otoyolu) basic highways that link Europe and Turkey. The road network in Istanbul sophisticated and very organized, and still continues to expand, which is up from the city to the east of Ankara and Edirne. Well there are two ways highways surrounding the city, take advantage of the first of them, named "Istanbul inner belt" (in Turkish: İstanbul 1. Çevreyolu), to relieve the pressure of traffic inside the city; the other later, a "belt outside Istanbul" (in Turkish: İstanbul 2. Çevreyolu) exploited to mitigate Traffic cars entering the city or Aabernha.

Bosphorus Bridge is a reality within the inner belt, and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge located within the outer belt, Salta link between the European and the Asian side of the Bosphorus. Relate to the northern and southern shores of the Golden Horn Strait by a couple of bridges are: Bridge mistake, the Atatürk Bridge, Bay Bridge; which in turn is part of a network of roads Istanbul outer belt.

Considered the "big table" serious (in Turkish: Büyükdere) main artery transient "Middle" neighborhoods and "lane" central to the European side, and can be accessed through a number of subway stations. Relate to serious big table Boulevard Barbarossa in the area where the network of internal belt and tunnels converge in the neighborhoods, "گajriaپ" and "Zinesrlakoiyo", and then moving the way down to the ferry terminal in Besiktas, there relate to the coastal road fast along the European coast of the Bosphorus, the Secretary of the neighborhood Ono southward down to the "palace" in the north area.

Railways

Srkisa station.

In 1883, the Belgian contractor named "George Nگlmaikar", to start implementing a project of building a railroad between Paris and Istanbul, and in the period between the establishment of rail and end, has been resorting to steam ferry people from the city of Varna, Bulgaria to Istanbul, and vice versa. In 1889, the first section of the railway was completed, reaching Istanbul Pfarna through Bucharest, bringing people can easily travel by land to the city for the first time. This railway in the west known as the "Orient Express", was famous and made famous thanks to the literary works of the writer and the author "Oگatha Christie" writer "Graham Greene," who ate in the literary play their compositions.

The station opened in 1890 under the name of "Field Marshal Ahmed Pasha station", and formed the last leg of the Orient Express train. Today, renamed "Srkisa station," a track rail interests of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları; TCDD) The last stop for all trains on the European side lines of Istanbul, and link the primary interface for network Turkish rail with the rest of Europe.

Istanbul relate to other European cities and neighboring countries by rail, which the city Psahlonak up in Greece, and by the rapid Bosphorus, which offers daily flights from Srkisa station to the city of Bucharest in Romania train. There is also a railway stretching to the cities of Sofia, Belgrade and Budapest.

Haydarpaşa station.

On the Asian side of Istanbul, "Haydarpaşa station," a bound trains center daily to Ankara and other areas in Anatolia. Located Haydarpaşa station opened in 1908, and was Ttchkl last stop in Berlin-Baghdad railway iron and the Hejaz Railway. Rail relate to both the European side and the Asian each other through dedicated to transfer trains phrases, is scheduled to arrest these statements about the work upon completion of the project "Marmara tunnel" or "Railway Marmara" which will arrive sides of the city tunnel runs beneath the surface of the Sea of Marmara, by the year 2012. also, this project will reach subway lines along with regular trains.

Railway subsidiary iron span between the main train station on the European side, any Srkisa station, and hand "Khlcala" west of the city center, and is located 18 stations along the railway of 30 kilometers. And take a trip using this rail only 48 minutes. There are other sub railroad extending from the main station on the Asian side, any Haydarpaşa Terminal, to the town of "گbzy", located on the far eastern edge of the city. The length of this 44-kilometer railway trains and stop working in 28 stations, and the trip takes 65 minutes when used. One of Statistics reports that 720,000 people use rail lines in the European side of the city every day.

Electric locomotives

Developed the first electric locomotives service on September 3 1869, have been allocated to work on a hand line, "Arsenal-Central Village." In 1871 work began on the line of "doom-gate mistake"; "White Palace Tower-seven"; "palace Alabad- Higher door "; and" Uno Secretary-White Palace. "Other lines that entered service in the nineteenth century: "ڤoaڤoda-Street Cemetery Street Taپa-Bashi-division-پnگlaty-Sisli field"; "Bayazid-Shahside Bashi" line; "light-line Edirne-Galatasaray-gate tunnel"; line "Secretary Ono-gate joy" since 1939, I took an interest electric locomotives and tunnels in Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul Elektrik Tramvay ve Tünel; IETT) holds the management and organization of this type of transportation Am.uptarich August 12 of 1961, was locomotives arrest electric red old from working in the European side, and on 14 November 1966 stopped working out also on the Asian side. At the end of 1990, and placed in the service of other locomotives replica of those old, on Independence Avenue in the area extending along the divide between the tunnel and field, has reached the length of this line is 1.6 kilometers. On November 1 of the year 2003, the re-opening of the locomotives Old another line (T3) on the Asian side of Istanbul, works in the area between hand "village judges" and "Moda", and the length of this line is 2.6 kilometers and stops at 10 stations, and the journey takes the 21 minutes.

Developed electrical fast locomotive (T1) service in 1992, and extended the line of work of Srkisa neighborhood to higher door, then was extended this line of Topkapı hand up to the neighborhood, "Olive site" in March 1994, and Srkisa neighborhood to "Amin Uno "in April 1996. on 30 January 2005, has been extended from" Secretary Uno "to" Vindqla, "Across the Strait so the Golden Horn through the Galata Bridge for the first time in 44 years. In June of 2006 opened another new section of this line, is received district "Kbattas." The length of this line to 14 meters, and a 24 station stops. The electric locomotives and tunnels interest in Istanbul provides transportation for people served by 22 locomotive-type LRT, produced by ABB multinational company, has an interest in the year 2003 to transfer the work of these locomotives to other lines, and replaced by five and fifty locomotive-type "Vlksia Swift "production company" Bompadar transfers. "The journey takes on the entire line by one of these locomotives, 42 minutes, and the daily capacity of up to 155,000 people, has money invested in this sector balance of US $ 110 million. In September of 2006, has been adding new locomotives line (T2) up, "Olive site" district "Bagchilar", used the 14 locomotive from LRT type of production ABB.

Rail outstanding

Train in Istanbul's modern commentator.

Istanbul Sktin Haddidetyn hanging precariously differ the most difference in terms of football shape. Voqdamha is "railway tunnel" (in Turkish: Tünel), which opened on January 17, 1875, and is this the railroad second oldest railway underground in the world after the railway tunnels London train, which in 1863 opened the first railway extends underground in continental Europe; the Although the first full subway with multiple stations line on the continent, was "the No. 1 line" to train tunnels Budapest, who in 1896 opened up along the rail tunnel to 573 meters (1,879.92 feet), and there are no stations between its launch and access points, They are still working since it opened in 1875. litem trains going to work on this line, the railway individually every 3 and a half minutes, and the trip takes using whichever minute and a half. These two trains about 64,800 trips per year, which cut a 37 066 km, and this line is used by 15,000 people a day.

The second rail outstanding line, it is the line "railroad Kbattas-split", was opened on June 29 2006, which is up Kbattas neighborhood field division, through Link to station naval buses and the position of electric locomotives in Kbattas station subway trains in Taksim Square. The length of this line to 600 meters, and is used by 9,000 people a year

Light Rail

Istanbul also light rail is made up of two lines. Work began the first line (M1) on September 3 1989, between the "White Palace" area and "the head of the punishment." This line has been developed and updated gradually until it reached Atatürk Airport on December 20, 2002. The other line opened (T4) in 2007, to work on the transfer of passengers between "Edirne Gate" and "mosque peace" area. There are 36 stations located along this railway, 32 kilometers, and built at a depth of 10.4 kilometers underground. The use of LRT trains type of model 1988, produced by ABB to provide transportation service to the public.

Subway

Work began on the construction of a subway line in Istanbul (M2) in 1992, and completed the first part of it was opened on September 16 in 2000, to work in the area extending from the division to the east district of the field. The length of this section of 8.5 kilometers (5.3 miles) and the six stations. Has allocated 8 trains consisting of four vehicles, produced by the French company "Alstom", to work along this section in the year during which he opened, and these trains up to each station, each about 5 minutes, and reached its occupants average daily 130,000 passengers. On January 30 of the year 2009, has been replaced by the old trains with new ones from the production company "Aorotm" which entered into a contract with the railroad's interest in Istanbul, to supply two ninety-new vehicle to work on the subway line. Number of trains in the aforementioned history has reached 34 trains, each of the four vehicles, dedicated to work on this line is composed.

In this also history, two lines sub-opened, the first runs of them from the Middle neighborhood to neighborhood course northward, and the second of the field is divided into neighborhood "new gateway" passing on a bridge over the Strait of the Golden Horn, and underground through the historic peninsula, down to Chechnya station in Beyoğlu district is scheduled to extend this until the last line intersects with the light rail line and the lines of Marmara tunnel which is still under construction.

There are 10 dedicated service belonging to these lines currently stations, on the European side of the city; there are also six other stations are under construction on the same side, and 16 other stations on the same spot on the Asian side. Up the distance between Chechnya station in Beyoğlu district station and industrial Ataturk in the neighborhood through the lane to 15.65 kilometers (9.7 miles), and the trip lasts between 21 minutes. Experts report that the length of the full rail line on the European side will be up to 18.36 kilometers (11.4 miles) Upon completion of the creation of all the stations between the new gate neighborhoods Alhaji Usman; and this does not include provision for transit trains Golden Horn Bridge, and the length of 936 meters. Relates to the field of tunnel split-Kbattas the length of 0.6 kilometers port of marine bus, and connects to the new gate tunnel-white palace of fixed-length light rail, and the Marmaray tunnel the length of 13.6 km network.

On the Asian side, you'll reach the full length of the line at its end to 21.66 kilometers (13.5 miles), and will arrive in the hand, "the village of judges" and "punishment", and connects to a tunnel of Marmara and the European line at the end. It is expected to open the tunnel and start working the trains in 2013.

Recreation 

The competent authorities to close many pools traditional beach resorts in Istanbul because of sea water contamination, but a number of them re-opened later. Among the most famous places that people frequented the pool inside the city: Copper Village, a small bathroom Tower, site of the palace, and the Bosphorus. The outside of the places highlighted include: Prince Islands in the Sea of Marmara, Salڤra, and Tuzla; in addition to some places along the Black Sea coast.

Is the Prince Islands, located in the Marmara Sea south of my part "punishment" and "Pendik," destination landmark for tourists, and the fact that it contains some polarization factors for asylum rest and recuperation, such as the built-up of the Ottoman palaces to modern traditional style and model of the new art, and that was the sultans Aljoon need to take a break judgment of trouble during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. It polarization factors also horse-drawn carriages, as the cars are not allowed its presence on any of these islands, and specialty restaurants offering seafood. Can access to these islands using ferries or fast marine buses. The number of the Princes' Islands 9 islands, of which only 5 are inhabited.

Shopping

In Istanbul, a number of historic shopping centers, the lines of: large covered market (1461), market Mahmoud Pasha (1462), and the Egyptian market or spice market (1660). The first modern shopping center opened in the city in 1987, a "gallery father village" (in Turkish: Galleria Ataköy), then followed by the opening of a large number of centers in subsequent years, such as "White Center" (in Turkish: Akmerkez) in 1993, which is the only commercial center who won two "best shopping center in Europe" and "the best shopping center in the world," granted by the international Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC); shopping Metro City Centre (2003); Sisli cultural and commercial center (2005), which is the largest shopping centers in Europe ; and center Canyon Shopping (2006), which won the award for the best architectural design for the year 2006. In Istanbul, two shopping malls dedicated to consumers with high wages, the two center Astnyh Park (2007) and the Centre for Nishan Tashi (2008), where not only the varieties and international brands extravagant displays two the price.

Restaurants

Spread in Istanbul several European and East Asian restaurants along with local restaurants and other restaurants that offer different types of international cuisine. Most mufflers and historic pubs in the city located in the hand Beyoğlu surrounding areas of Independence Avenue. In serious aforementioned gallery historic famous so-called "corridor flowers" (in Turkish: Çiçek Pasajı) when the number of bars and restaurants, and date back to the establishment of this corridor to the nineteenth century, and that by the Greek architect "Christakis Zogravos Effendi," which was built on the ruins of "Theater Noam "was opened in the year 1876. in the same area is also located Street" Naڤesidh "The restaurants nearby to each other.

Can be found on other historic pubs in the surrounding areas, "Crossing the tunnel" and "Vine Street mosque." Competent authorities have revived some of the old neighborhoods surrounding the Avenue of Independence in recent years, to varying degrees of success; and these neighborhoods, "Algeria Street" (in Turkish: Cezayir Sokağı) located near the secondary Galatasaray, which long people to be called "French Street" (in French: La Rue Française),  because of the nature of the Francophone impression, where a lot of bars, cafes and restaurants where live music is played there, [168] as in restaurants, cafes and typical French.

Istanbul is also famous for its restaurants to provide competent marine dishes. The most famous maritime restaurants which are those that are located on the shores of the Bosphorus and the Marmara Sea south of the city. There are also a number of well-known on the major islands of the marine restaurants Prince Islands, near the northern entrance of the Bosphorus from the Black Sea hand

Night Life

There are plenty of nightclubs, restaurants, bars and cafes that offer Albazachh direct musical performances throughout the city. And this brings the number of places allocated for fun in the summer especially, where sometimes transmitted to bid in the outdoors because of the intensity of the audience. Show the largest nightclubs, restaurants and bars gatherings, in addition to art galleries, theaters and cinemas, in the areas surrounding each of: Independence Avenue, goal, Bebek, and village judges. Is distracted, "Babel" and "Nu پara" Allowaqaan hand in Beyoğlu, the most famous nightclubs destination in winter and summer.

The most important nightclubs summer that are held outdoors include a number of those found on the shore of the Bosphorus, such as amusement: "Sortie", "Reina", and "Anjelique" in Ortakwe neighborhood. At the same neighborhood pub located offering high performance performances by jazz known as "Q Bar Jazz."

Hosts important theaters in Istanbul concerts for the World Singers and bands, and the most prominent of these theaters: Istanbul neighborhood in the field of course, and the field of dry way the reality on the Bosphorus. There are also "Jungle Park" (in Turkish: Parkorman) in the neighborhood of course, which hosted the MTV a Proxy 2002 awards ceremony, and is one of the most prominent areas that are held by the direct concerts and celebrations spirited summer.

Architectural landmarks of Istanbul

Hagia Sophia

This building was built primarily to be Orthodox Patriarchate Cathedral, when the Islamic conquest turned into a mosque, and when the Turkish Republic has become a museum. This building was the Cathedral of Constantinople in the period between 360 and 1453, exclude the years between the years 1204 and 1261, when he turned to Cathedral Latin Empire. Turned into a mosque since May 29 1453 until 1934, when the Turkish Constitution declared that Turkey is a secular state, was turned into a museum and still.

Hagia Sophia.

Sultanahmet Mosque

This mosque is built in the period between 1609 and 1616, during the reign of Sultan "Ahmed first." Also known as the Blue Mosque because of the blue tiles adorning the inside. He, like most of the Ottoman Sultan mosque contains the tomb which was founded in addition to school and hospice. This was a mosque appears on the background paper currency of a class of 500 Turkish lira, which put trade from the year 1953 until the year 1976.

Obelisk of Theodosius

This obelisk was found in the Temple of Karnak South edifice seventh, where he filed the pharaoh "Thtamos III" (1479-1425 BC). The emperor ordered "Constantius II," the transfer of this obelisk and one other across the Nile River and down to Alexandria in 357, to commemorate his throne 20 years ago. This obelisk remained in Alexandria until the year 390, when the emperor ordered "Theodosius I" (378-392) transferred to Constantinople where filed in racetrack city.

Obelisk of Theodosius.

The new mosque

This mosque is also known as "Winnie the mosque" and "the mother of Sultan Mosque," which is located on the Strait of Golden Horn South Galata Bridge. I begin the construction of the mosque in 1597, after he ordered built by Sultan "descriptive" the wife of Sultan Murad III, was is determined is "David Agha" pupil Engineer "Sinan Agha" famous, and completed Censor "Ahmed diver" after the death of David in 1599. The most famous Istanbul landmarks.

The new mosque

Topkapı Palace

This is the headquarters of the Ottoman sultans palace was over nearly 400 years, from 1465 until 1856. I begin to build the palace in 1459 by order of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror after the conquest of Constantinople. Palace attracts today large numbers of tourists, which contains some of the Islamic holy relics, such as the cloak of the Prophet Muhammad and his sword. [90] classifies the palace that it is within the parameters belonging to the historic areas of Istanbul, has become a World Heritage site in 1985, and described it the best examples of cultural diversity in the Ottoman Empire.

Topkapı Palace.

Chora Museum

This building was basically one of the most beautiful Byzantine churches, and in the sixteenth century turned into a mosque at the Grand Vizier is "Ali Pasha," then became a museum in 1948. adorn mosaic depictions plaster ceiling this museum and all the walls.

Chora Museum

Fethiye Mosque

This was a mosque Byzantine church mainly carry Theotox پamakerestus church name. After the introduction of Islam to Constantinople, Sultan Murad III converted into a mosque and dubbed "Fethiye Mosque," in celebration of the Ottoman conquest of Georgia and Azerbaijan. He has Architects Ottomans remove some interior walls to make room for the worshipers and not bothered. In 1949 has been transferred to the basic Christian Chapel Museum and remained the main building a mosque.

Bosphorus Bridge

This bridge is also called the First Bosphorus Bridge, one of the two bridges who arrive Europe to Asia. A length of 1,510 meters (4,954 feet), and its surface display up to 39 meters (128 feet). Up the distance between Berger to 1,074 meters (3,524 feet) and their height of 105 meters (344 feet), while the distance between the sea and the bridge is up to 64 meters (210 feet). This bridge got the fourth place among the longest bridges in the world outstanding when it is completed in 1973, was the longest bridges outside the United States. Today he sits in the sixteenth place among those bridges.

Bosphorus Bridge

Sultans Palace

Sultans Palace or Dolma joy Palace, is the seat of the Ottoman sultans from 1856 until 1922, except for the years stretching from 1889 until 1909 when he was the title of the Yildiz Palace. This palace was built at the Sultan 'Abd al-Majid first "order, and the construction work," Agha Saeed al-Hajj ", while the design engineer" گhrb Balian "and his son" Naگogallos Balian "and" Aivanis Colva. "Construction of the palace five million pounds Ottoman Medgidia cost, approximately 35 tons of gold.

Sultans Palace

Galata Tower

Galata Tower is a stone tower medieval, is a mistake in terms of the Istanbul Strait, north of the Golden Horn. Genoese tower built in 1348 in the colony near Constantinople. The height of the tower 66.90 meters complete, and 62.59 meters without counting the length of the column on the patterned surface, which reaches the length of 51.65 meters. This was the city's tallest building when it was built, it has reached a height of building high nine layers, a high altitude compared to buildings of that time. The outer diameter of the tower up to 16.45 meters at the base, and 8.95 meters in the interior, and the thickness of the walls of up to 3.75 meters.

Galata Tower

Ortakwe mosque

This mosque is also known as Masjid al-Majidi, named after Sultan "Abdul Majid first", which was commissioned by the original place of the mosque, in the period between 1854 and 1856. The mosque was designed by engineers "گhrb Balian" and his son "Naگogallos Balian," was built on the new Baroque style. In this mosque, a number of Islamic charts by Sultan Abdul Majid himself.

Ortakwe mosque

Rumelihisarı

This castle is located on a hill at the European side of the Bosphorus, has been ordered by the Sultan, "Mehmet the Conqueror" in the period between the years 1451 and 1452, the siege of Constantinople in preparation for the opening. Named three massive towers named after Sultan ministers at that time: the Grand Vizier, "Khalil Pasha" who built the great tower along the gate, "Zganos Pasha" who built the south tower, and "Sarica Pasha" who built the north tower.

Rumeli siege

Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge

Also known as the Second Bosphorus Bridge, has been renamed in honor of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror. The length of the bridge to 1,510 meters, a width of 39 meters. Up the distance between Berger to 1,090 meters, and their height is 105 meters. The distance between him and the sea is up to 64 meters. This bridge is finished in sixth place in the list of the longest suspension bridges in the world when it opened in 1988, and is currently in fifth place in the last ten list.

Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge

Kjkso Palace

This little on the Asian side of the Bosphorus Palace, located in the hand, "Bai cuz" between Anatolia castle siege and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge. The Ottoman sultans lived in this palace for short periods during roaming in the country and catch flights.

Kjkso Palace

Falcon gray channel

This channel was the main water of Constantinople insurance medieval source, has rebuilt a number of times at the hands of a lot of the Ottoman sultans after sustained multiple damaged by erosion over time. The length of the rest is 921 meters, less than about 50 meters from the main length.

Falcon gray channel

Palace master masters

This palace is located on the Asian side of the Bosphorus, was built on the orders of the Sultan "Abdülaziz" (1830-1876) to be based in a summer for him and the sultans who Aloh, and entertainment center of the Ottoman officials and foreigners coming to those parts of the country. Began construction of the palace in 1861 and was completed in 1865 by the engineer, "Sarkis Balian."

Palace master masters

Yildiz Palace

This palace was built in 1880, and was the seat of power, "Abdel-Hamid II" and his entourage. The palace is a complex of small houses and the role of the multi-Ottoman sultans to turn to to get away from the problems of governance and concerns and a break from work from time to time trouble. The area in which the children of the palace is full of forests, has been bought by the Sultan, "Ahmed I" (1603-1617) and established the first house for recreation, and so imitated subsequent sultans.